Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument: Exploring an Ancient Wonder 

Deep in the rugged wilderness of southwestern New Mexico, Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument offers an extraordinary glimpse into the lives of the ancient Mogollon people who made these caves their home over 700 years ago. 

This off-the-beaten-path gem, surrounded by the vast Gila National Forest and the country’s first designated wilderness area, is a perfect destination for history enthusiasts, nature lovers, and adventure seekers alike.

Getting to the Monument

The first big challenge is actually getting to the Monument. We visited in late spring on the cusp of summer and were very surprised by how long it took to get there. 

We’d spent the night prior in Silver City.  The monument is 45 miles from there. The park service recommends allowing 1.5 to 2 hours each way.  I, of course, thought that was crazy. Needless to say, I was very wrong. It took us a solid two hours to drive up the windy, steep mountain road.  The road was supposed to be two lanes, but in many places it was one lane at best, with no guardrails and many blind turns. This, combined with the ice and snow in some areas, made for an adventurous drive. That said, the drive to the monument was very scenic. 

Once we arrived, we went to the visitor center, which was closed, but we were able to grab a brochure. Right by where we parked, there was a monument to Apache leader and warrior Geronoimio, who is thought to have been born in the area. 

Hiking to the Gila Cliff Dwellings

After leaving the visitor center, we drove to the bookstore, where the trail to the cliff dwelling begins. When we arrived, the bookstore had just opened and we were the second people there. 

After saying hello to a friendly park ranger, my wife and I headed down the trail. The entire loop hike is only a mile, but there is nearly 200 feet of elevation gain. Which does not seem like much, but we’d been living at sea level for a while, so we definitely felt it. 

The first part of the trail is relatively level and follows a stream bed through a canyon. After crossing a couple of wooden bridges, the trail starts to climb. Just after a switchback, you are greeted with your first good view of the highlight of the monument,  the Gila Cliff Dwellings.

The cliff dwellings are a collection of well-preserved stone-and-mortar structures built within natural caves high on the canyon walls. They were built in the late 13th century and once housed families who relied on the surrounding forests, rivers, and mesas for survival. 

Excited by the view, we quickly pressed on and were met at the base of the dwellings by a park ranger, who gave us a short safety and preservation speech. 

We are both immediately excited; we’ve visited quite a few cliff dwellings in the Southwest, but it’s rare to get such an intimate experience. We were the only two people, besides the ranger.  It felt like having our own private park as we leisurely walked through the dwellings.

It was impossible not to admire how well preserved they were. The walls were still coated with soot from fires as we passed through the rooms, offering an intimate connection to the past.

Touring the Gila Cliff Dwellings

The park ranger walked with us for part of the time, answering questions. He explained that Archaeologists believe the dwellings were occupied for approximately 30 years, spanning from the 1270s to the early 1300s.

He discussed why the Mogollon likely chose this location to live. “The main reason we believed they settled here is location… location… location.” The ranger said. “We can’t say with certainty, but there is strong evidence suggesting that they moved to the dwellings to seek relief from drought. The stream below runs year-round and would have alleviated those concerns and supplied water for drinking and farming.”  He went on, “the caves offer natural protection from the elements. They face south, which provides excellent natural temperature regulation during both winter and summer months.”

He also pointed out several incredible pictographs and made sure we climbed a small ladder to see hundreds of corn cobs that had been there for more than 725 years. 

As we climbed down a steep ladder to head down the trail, we were both blown away. While the dwellings are not as big as, say, Cliff Palace in Mesa Verde National Park, the Gila Cliff Dwellings are every bit as cool. 

Visiting Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument is like stepping back in time, offering an excellent opportunity to experience the history, culture, and natural beauty of the American Southwest without the crowds.  This New Mexico treasure is well worth the trip.

Scenery & Wildlife

Beyond the history, the surrounding landscape is a paradise for outdoor enthusiasts. The monument is nestled in the Gila Wilderness, an unspoiled expanse of mountains, canyons, and rivers. The Gila River provides a vital water source for diverse wildlife, including mule deer, javelinas, and even the elusive mountain lion. Birdwatchers may spot hawks, owls, and hummingbirds flitting through the trees.

Hot Springs & Hiking Trails

A visit to the Gila Cliff Dwellings wouldn’t be complete without a stop at Jordan Hot Springs, a natural geothermal pool located about six miles from the monument along the Middle Fork Trail. This backcountry adventure offers a rewarding soak amid a peaceful, scenic setting.

For those looking for more hiking options, the Gila National Forest offers many miles of trails, from easy strolls to challenging backcountry treks along the Continental Divide Trail, which passes through the region.

Practical Tips for Visitors

Getting There: As we mentioned earlier, getting to the monument is no joke.  Plan ahead and leave plenty of time for the windy drive. 

Best Time to Visit: Spring and fall offer the most pleasant weather, with mild temperatures and blooming desert flora. Summers can be hot, while winters bring chilly temperatures and occasional snow.

Visitor Center: Stop by the Gila Visitor Center before heading to the dwellings. If it’s open, it features exhibits, restrooms, and helpful rangers who can provide updates on trail conditions.

What to Bring: Wear sturdy hiking shoes. The trail to dwellings is not long, but it is steep and rocky in places. The sun can be relentless, especially in summer, so bring plenty of water, and don’t forget sunscreen and a hat, as shade is limited on the trail.